Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) symptoms and signs

Early detection and treatment of Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections and other side effects stemming from a blood stem cell or bone marrow transplant can make a big difference in your long-term recovery and health. Because of this, it's important to never ignore the early signs or symptoms of GVHD.

If you have any signs or symptoms:

• Call your transplant team immediately if you notice any new or worsening symptoms.
• Share as many details as possible with your care team. Tell them when the symptoms started, what you're feeling and how it's changed over time.
• Make sure your primary care provider and oncologist are informed. Not all doctors are familiar with GVHD, so clear communication across your care team is essential.
• Consider wearing a medical alert bracelet that notes you've had a blood or marrow transplant.
• Keep a treatment summary and doctor contact info with you at all times—in your phone, wallet, or emergency kit.

If your child received a blood stem cell transplant, check daily for any symptoms of GVHD. Ask specific questions like, “Does your stomach hurt?” or “Have you noticed any itching or changes in your skin?” Remind your child to tell you about any changes they see or feel right away.

Not everyone experiences all the warning signs of GVHD, but many transplant recipients experience some of them. Some symptoms might develop into long-term problems. Others are temporary and will go away with treatment.

While GVHD can be unpredictable, there are preventive steps you can take to reduce your risk. Many of the early warning signs for GVHD could also be caused by infection or another transplant side effect. That’s why it’s important to share any changes in your body that you see or feel with your doctor and care team immediately.

Acute GVHD can develop in the weeks and months following a transplant. Symptoms that may be signs of acute GVHD can appear in several areas of the body, including:

Chronic GVHD typically develops within 1 year of a transplant but can also occur several years later. Signs and symptoms of chronic GVHD usually appear in the following areas:

No one should face GVHD alone. Whether you’re a patient, caregiver or loved one, help is available every step of the way.

From managing symptoms to exploring new treatment options like extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) and emerging clinical trials, we have resources to help you get the expert care and support you need to move forward with confidence.